Question 1: This year, 2022 marked the 70th anniversary of Cambodia-Australia diplomatic relations which this tie has established since 1952. First of all, from your observation what have the two countriesβ governments prepared to celebrate the 70th anniversary of this diplomatic relation?
Thank you for the question and youβre correct, this year is the 70th anniversary. The diplomatic relations were established in January 1952 which as you would know was about a year before Cambodia's formal independence from France. So, it's a very long-standing relationship, and of course, it started off as a diplomatic exchange of representations but itβs grown over time to be a relationship that is very much founded on people-to-people connection. So, we talked about governments and relationships between governments all the time but I think the foundation of many bilateral relationships, is the relationships between the people of the two countries that is certainly the case in terms of the Australia-Cambodia relationships. Now, at the embassy here in Phnom Penh, we saw it early on this was an important milestone to celebrate, to acknowledge, and to use the platform for strengthening the relationship further into the future. So, we organized a number of things. First and foremost, was just an initial announcement back in January this year at the time of the specific date of anniversary that it was our 70th anniversary, I hosted a dinner with Excellency Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister PRAK Sokhonn and some of his senior staffs. We talked about the relationships and how it's grown, how it's developed, and the prospect we have for the future. Shortly after that, it was our national day. So, Β«Australia DayΒ» which was on the 26th of January, I hosted a large reception to mark Β«Australia DayΒ», and at that, we formally launched our logo for the anniversary. I don't know if your viewers would be aware or have seen the logo. I'm actually wearing a pelpin which described with the pixel logo, probably hard to see. What are these? itβs basically the national animal of Australia Β«KangarooΒ» and Β«the Southern CrossΒ» which is the constellation which is on our national flag and on the Cambodian side, the depiction of Β«Angkor WatΒ» and Β«KoupreyΒ», the national animal of Cambodia. So, we launched that logo and weβve done a number of events since then. The most particular was an event, a series of events actually, for over a period of 10-day, which was the visit of Lieutenant General John Sanderson, the former Force Commander of the United Nations Traditional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), and his wife Mrs. Lorraine Sanderson. Both are very distinguished Australians and with a very strong connection to Cambodia, given the work of UNTAC in the early 1990s. So, the Sandersons were here for about 10 days. We hosted a number of events including a photographic exhibition, which lasted for a month at the Raffle Hotel Le Royal in Phnom Penh to mark the 30th anniversary of UNTAC, and in particular Australiaβs contribution to UNTAC. So, that was a very important event. We took the Sanderson to Battambong, Siem Reap, and Anlong Veng as well, to see the development in that part of Cambodia. Both of them met with Prime Minister Hun Sen, and had lunch, met with a number of deputy Prime Ministersβ and ministers, met with civil societies, conduct a number of meetings, and interviews, and also General Sanderson received an honorary doctorate from the University of Cambodia. So, that was very significant to visit, and that was very much tying with, not just the 30th anniversary of UNTAC, but the 70th anniversary of our bilateral relationship, our diplomatic relationship. We do have a number of other events that we are planning for the rest of the years. This includes the launch of a major new Economic Resilient Program that is part of our development cooperation with Cambodia it's called Β«CAP-REDΒ», thatβs an 87 billion Dollars program, which we aim to launch in the next few months. It's primary an aim at helping Cambodia to build its economic resilience on trades, investments, agriculture, infrastructures, gender equality, and social inclusion into the future. Itβs a five-year program. We also hope to be able to launch a new Australian supermarket here in Phnom Penh, again in the next couple of months, Organising an Australian food and beverages event to showcase some of the best of Australian foods and beverages that we have here in Cambodia, and at the end of this month on the 28th of June until 3rd of July, we are sponsoring in a major way Β«the Cambodian International Film Festival (the 13th editions)Β» of the film Festival here in Phnom Penh, and there will be a range of up to 15 Australian films screening at the festival as well as Australian filmmakers that will be here, and Australian film critics as well. So, that will be, again part of the 70th anniversary. So, I'm looking forward to all these events over the next few months.
Questions 2: We have witnessed that the diplomatic ties between Cambodia and Australia have been a long-lasting relationship for 7 decades now. So, under this cooperation and long-lasting diplomatic ties. What significant events have occurred during the past 70 years and in the future what areas should the two countries further expand their cooperation?
I think initially, the relationship started with the first Cambodian student, who went to Australia to study at an Australia University. I think, the first student was in 1954, and it's been obviously a long history since then of students graduating from Australian Universities. Initially, it was under a program called Β«The Colombo PlanΒ» which the Australian government set up in the 1950s to bring students from the Asia-Pacific which was then still recovering in many ways from the aftermath of the Second World War to provide the opportunities for exposure to Australianβs education. Of course, fast forward to the 60s, we had a lot of agricultural cooperation and irrigation Cooperation with the then government here. Of course, with the Khmer Rouge period certainly, our relationship was on hold as you would expect for quite a while but Australia worked very closely and had a major role in helping to bring about the re-emergence of the prospect of peace in Cambodia. Initially through, again as I said, a major role in shaping the Paris Peace Agreement negotiating and procuring the final version of the Β«Paris Peace AgreementΒ» which was signed in October 1991, and as I mentioned before in relation to General Sanderson, a very significant contribution the United Nation Transitional Authority (UNTAC) that was born out of the Paris Peace Agreement. we had over 1,200 Australians who served with UNTAC and with UNAMIC actually before UNTAC you know 1991 up until 1993. Also, during that period of UNTAC, the Β«Australian Centre for EducationΒ» (ACE) was established here in Cambodia as a way of providing English language training to Cambodians and continues to this day. Itβs obviously celebrating its 30th Anniversary this year as well. It's continued to grow and expand the number of campuses and students, tens of thousands of students, who now study at the Australian Centre for Education (ACE). So, that has been another significant event, if you like, the establishment and growth of that institution. Well, also speaking of institutions, helped established Β«CARDI: The Cambodia Agricultural Research and Development InstituteΒ» in the late 1990s that was the product of many years of agricultural cooperation between Australia and Cambodia, and we continue to support CARDI to this day with a lot of efforts into its research capacity, especially in relation to, for example, different types of rice, in relation to, the different technique in term of planting and developing, and then exporting rice, and other high-value crops from Cambodia. Another, I think significant event was the establishment of the First International Satellites Link in Cambodia in 1990s, and that was through an Australian telecommunication company, which is now called Β«TELSTRAΒ» one of our largest telecommunication companies. In the aftermath of the Khmer Rouge period, Australia very much supported The Khmer Rouge Tribunal. In fact, Australia and Japan were the third-largest donor to the United Nations tribunal process for trying the senior leaders of the former Khmer Rouge, and we have also, since 1994 provided over 100 Million Dollars to support the demining of Cambodia, removing landmines and other explosive remnants of war especially in the Western North, Western provinces, Battambong, Pailin and Banteay Meanchey, and we continue to support Cambodia's goals to become mine-free by 2025. So, these are just some of the events, programs, and developments that occurred over the past 70 years. In the future, I think, as you ask, in terms of expansions of Cooperation we, very much, would like to expand our trade investment footprints, I don't know you can ask me a bit more about that later, but I think as Cambodia like many other countries recover from Covid-19 pandemic, it's also thinking about what kind of economy itβs going to look like in the future in order to meet the governmentβs objective of Cambodia becoming an Upper Middle-Income country by 2030, and a High Income Country by 2050 because I think what the Pandemic has shown is that the traditional way of growing the economy, which has been really successful, up until the Pandemic, may not necessarily the way of the economy will continue to grow in the future, and mainly talking about how does Cambodia for the digitalise its economy and adapt to the global Industrial Revolution 4.0? I know the government here thinks very seriously about these issues and I think trade investment relationships will have to adapt and taken into account, both shifts in the waves on the economy not just here but around the world, project themselves but that's very much what we like to see here as Cambodia transitions into that High Middle-Income and eventually High Income Economy and clearly our relationship will transition, we wonβt have a significant development cooperation program as we do now, because Cambodia will have essentially graduated from requiring a lot of that assistances, but then the focus will shift into more of a commercial footing. So, that's where I see how Cooperation expanding.
Question 3: Talking about Covid-19 Pandemic, what do you think about the relations between Cambodia and Australia in the context of Covid-19 Pandemic? Do you think it is an opportunity for both countries, and what kind of negative ramifications did it bring for both countries' relations?
If you look at the pandemic in general you would say, you know, would we prefer not to have had it? Yes. So, in that sense the pandemic is a negative thing for everybody, but if you look at what positives, we could take out of that experience. I think, certainly, from our perspective from Australiaβs perspective, we thought that given, we live, Australia lives as part of the Indo-Pacific region. We are not an outside observer. We are pretty much part of the region, and so, the economics and the health well-being of countries in our region directly impact our own economic and health well-being. So, as we like to say βWe are not safe, Australia is not safe from Covid-19, until everyone is safe certainly in our neighbourhood.β. So, that's the approach that we took. That's why the Australian government developed what we call a Β«Partnership Recovery StrategyΒ» and a big focus of that was on ensuring that whatever we do in Development Cooperation Space with our neighbour is appropriate and targeted to assisting countries to manage the Pandemic and then recover and grow outward. In Cambodiaβs case, we established Β«Cambodiaβs Development Response PlanΒ» and that was mutually agreed between the Australian government and the Cambodian government and basically, we said, we agreed that here the priority sectors that weβre going to be focusing on throughout the Development Cooperation. There are three. Firstly, health security, of course, the major focus. Secondly, programs that would support social stability, and thirdly, programs that would support recovery economic. On health security, weβve been fortunate as I say, when I say that I mean, Australia has been fortunate that we have been working with Cambodiaβs health sector for over two decades now, and weβre a strong supporter of programs that aims to strengthen Cambodiaβs health system in general and to provide incentives for hospitals and Health Centres to improve their performance to elicit better feedback from clients and to then be able to access increase funding from the government. it's a program for the Β«Health Equity and Quality Improvement Project or H-EQIPΒ», manage by the World Bank with a number of donors including Australia, and of course, we continue to do that because notwithstanding Covid-19, you know, people still get sick and need go to hospital, or to Health Centre for a range of other reasons, completely unrelated to Covid-19. So, we wanted to make sure that the health system was, we do what we can, to ensure that the health system is able to cope not just with Covid-19, but with other elements, diseases, operations, and issues that prevent themselves as to its normally happen in Cambodia but specifically on Covid-19, we realised early on that the main way after the Pandemic. There are a number of ways, but firstly, public awareness education. People needed to know how to socially distance, that they should be wearing masks, you know, how to ventilate, you know, the three-do and the three-donβt. How to basically minimise the risk of contracting Covid-19, but then also the other ways that people would, of course, minimise the risk of contracting Covid-19 or minimise the effects of the symptoms is through vaccination. So, we made a commitment early. I think it was about February 2021 that we would look to supply Cambodia with Covid-19 vaccines. There were quite a few challenges in terms of the global supply chain being able to access vaccines, especially the much sought-after Β«mRNA vaccinesΒ» like the Pfizer vaccine but we were able in December last year to provide Cambodia with 2.35 million doses of the Pfizer Vaccine, which the Cambodian government immediately deployed as the booster doses for people who already had the primary doses of whatever vaccines it happened to be. That the booster, Generally, it was the 4th dose would be through the Pfizer vaccine, and we were the first country or international organization to bring the Pfizer vaccine into Cambodia. The Pfizer vaccine, itself was quite a unique vaccine, which required some unique storage, rules, and that included being kept in freezers that enabled the temperatures to go down about minus 80 degrees. So, we were able to also provide 133 freezers. Some of which, were ultra-cold minus 80 degrees freezers. some of which were minus 20 degrees freezers and that enable the Ministry of Health here to take the Pfizer vaccine out of Phnom Penh, and to distributed to the provinces, and the people could get vaccinations in the provinces, without having to come back to Phnom Penh, and that was really important I saw that first-hand. I saw the people in Ratanakiri being vaccinated in that way. Although nobody wanted to have Covid-19, nobody wanted this pandemic, I think it has helped further strengthened, in our case, our relationship with Cambodia because both from a broad development cooperation perspective but also from a very specific Covid-19 vaccine, awareness, and delivering perspective, we were able to certainly help Cambodiaβs management of Covid-19, and its response to Covid-19 and, I think that help our relationship more broadly.
Question 4: The year 2022 is also the year of Cambodia becomes the rotating Chair of ASEAN. So, now the question is what has Australia contributed to Cambodia as ASEAN Chair in addressing issues facing the region in urging Cambodia to host the ASEAN Summit and relating meetings successfully in the future?
As you said, 2022 is a very important year for Cambodia and just as it is our 70th anniversary of the bilateral relationship, Cambodia is also chairing ASEAN. We're trying to support Cambodia in that role as much as we can but I think it's important to point out what Cambodia has done for Australia. In the ASEAN context, Cambodia is a very strong supporter. For example, having annual Β«ASEAN-Australian SummitΒ». So, annual ASEAN-Australian leadersβ meeting and the first in-person meeting will be Cambodia in November, which our prime minister will attend. Also, Australia and ASEAN and have agreed to a Β«Comprehensive Strategic PartnershipΒ» that decision was made by ASEAN last year, very much again with the strong support of Cambodia. So, we value very much, our relationship with ASEAN. Weβre actually ASEAN's longest-standing Dialogue Partner, we became the dialogue partner of ASEAN back in 1974, which is 25 years before Cambodia joined ASEAN. So, we always valued the relationship with ASEAN because, of course, Southeast Asia is a very important part of the region that Australia is in. I think in announcing or securing ASEANβs agreement to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, we also announced some related initiatives including Β«Australia for ASEAN InitiativeΒ», itβs 154 million Australian Dollars of new initiatives designed to improve our relationship with ASEAN that include things like, for example, providing scholarships to 100 emerging leaders from across ASEAN to studied in Australia on topics that are connected directly to the Β«ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-PacificΒ». It's also enabled some 350 Technical and Vocational Education and Training scholarships to be provided to people from ASEAN countries. We also jointly agree through the Β«Australian for ASEAN InitiativeΒ» to work together on projects that are agreed between both Australia and ASEAN. So, thatβs what I mean jointly agreed, in areas such as Climate Change mitigation and adaptation, health security, addressing the ongoing challenges of transnational crimes, ensuring that our oceans are healthy, ensuring that we are positioned well to meet the energy transition, that is already underway towards a renewable future and supporting the concept of circular economy. These are all things that we have been trying to support ASEAN with, from a financial and technical capability perspective. Of course, as Chair this year Cambodia will have a number of difficult issues to manage. Of course, Asian Vision Institute (AVI) has talked about them at length and will continue to do so, which includes traditional sensitive issues such as the North Korean nuclear situation, the competing claims in the South China Sea but, of course, recent unfortunate developments such as a coup in Myanmar last year, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine this year. This year, these are issues that ASEAN unavoidably will have to deal with and we will provide as much support as we can for that process. We also wanted to recognize that these are issues that have come up and are a bit unforeseen, Cambodia as Chair this year also has some broadened topics, not as reactive but proactive, that it wanted to focus on such as Β«Covid-19 Economic RecoveryΒ», such as Women in Leadership and we are strongly supportive of that as well. Cambodia is going to be chairing, Β«ASEAN Women Leadersβ SummitΒ» in October this year and Australia is already providing financial and technical support for that summit to proceed successfully and it fits very much with our broadened and shared goals of gender equality also we have a Free Trade Agreement between Australia, New Zealand and ASEAN, and the aim of this year under Cambodianβs Chairmanship again is to upgrade that Free Trade Agreement. It was signed over 10 years ago and to bring it, make it more relevance, as I talked about before the changing economic structure for a lot of countries. In particular, emerging from the Covid-19 Pandemic. So, thereβs a lot that we are doing with ASEAN and with Cambodia as Chair to hopefully ensure that this year, Chair year is as successful and productive as possible.
Question 5: Moving forward to the trade sector, as we know, Cambodia and Australia are both members of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which is the largest Trade Agreement in the region as well as the world. In this regard of what economic and trade opportunity it can provide to both countries within the framework of RCEP and Cambodia-Australiaβs Cooperation?
Yes, youβre right. In fact, Cambodia and Australia both ratified RCEP on the same day and yes, it is the world's largest Free Trade Agreement at the moment. It certainly brings a lot of opportunities for all members and including Australia and Cambodia. I would say that both Australia and Cambodia will stand to benefit significantly from RCEP because the nature of both of our economies is that we are both quite open, already liberalised trading regimes. You know, we have a very open outlook, we are not one of these countries or trading blocks that has a lot of tariffs, quotas, and non-tariff barriers. We have a very liberalised approach to our economies we think that trading liberalisation is the best way to grow our own economy and more broadly global prosperity. So, I think RCEP will be good for that. Also, I think a lot of the trades in Cambodia and Australiaβs economies is driven by services by not completely trading goods, or trading products alone but trading services. Things like tourism, very important, of course, for Cambodia's longer-term economic prosperity, and as I mentioned before, education which is one of Australia's largest services, and exports. So, I think RCEP would have quite a big focus on services, liberalisation as well as traditional liberalisation, objectives in terms of trading goods and trading products. I think the plan for RCEP is certainly to, for example, to simplify a lot of customs processes in its different member countries and also reducing those sorts of traditional barriers of trade, encouraged greater predictability, consistency, and transparency, which we hope will have the effects of obviously boosting business confidence through that economic recovery from Covid-19. I think RCEP will also support Regional Value Chains, not just Value Chains within one country but across the region and I think that it can do this, is to provide, what it set up to do, a single set of rules, and procedures in order to access preferential trading rates and you know Cambodia as a manufacturer should benefit from RCEP in term of strengthening Cambodia positions on Regional Supply Chain, making the movement of goods a lot easier across borders. Also, by increasing Investments as Traders look to see what's the most efficient and cost-effective source for their inputs. So, certainly, it does have a lot of potential, and I think as both Australia and Cambodia seek to capitalise on RCEP as well as what I mentioned previously the upgrade to the Australia-New Zealand-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement that should have a flow of benefits to our bilateral trade as well, and as Cambodia transitions its economy toward that Upper Middle-Income Status, those trading relationships and those investment relationships will become increasingly more important.
Last but not least, what are some last words to the audiences in the occasion of the commemorations of the 70th anniversary of Cambodia-Australia diplomatic relations?
Thank you for the opportunity to talk to AVI and your audiences. I think my main points come out through the fact that we are celebrating the 70-year this year, so Australia has been a very long-standing friend and partner of Cambodia. Cambodia has a range of lucky, Cambodia has a range of international friends and partners, some a newer than others and Australia is one that has been there for, right back even before independence, so we come on quite a long journey since then and I think that when Cambodians think about the relationship they have with other countries, and I think it will be good to remember that Australia and Cambodia are part of the same region or we are part of the Indo-Pacific region. We have a very strong bridge, historical legacy, and People-to-People Legacy. We have over 66 thousand Australians who have Cambodian backgrounds in Australia. So, thatβs a very large diaspora for us and there's a lot of potential moving into the future as our two countries continue to evolve and expand. So, I think it's very positive and hopefully recovering from Covid-19 which is our priority, will set both our countries up well for the next 70-year and beyond.
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(βααΆαααααααααΆααΆααΆααααα)
Β«ααΆαααααΉααα½αααΎαααΈα§α ααα αααααΆαααΌαααααα»ααΆ-α’αΌααααααΆααΈΒ»
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α’ααα»αβα ααααβαααα½αααα α αΎααααααΆαβαα·ααΆαααααΉαβααααΌαα αΎα βααααΆαβαααααΊβααΆβαα½αβααΎαβααΈ α§0α αααααααΆααααααααΆαααΌααααααααΌαααΆααααααΎαα‘αΎααα ααααααΆ ααααΆα α‘α©α₯α’ αααααΌα αααα’αααααΆαααΉαα αΎαααΊααΆαααα αααα½αααααΆααα»ααααααααααααααα»ααΆααα½αααΆαα―αααΆαααααΆααααΌαααΆαααΈααααααααΆααΆααα ααΌα αααα ααΆααΆααααΆααααααααααΌαα’ααααααα½α α αΎαααΆααΆααα·αααΆαα ααΆααΆαα αΆααααααΎαααΈααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααααΆαααΆαααΌα ααα»ααααααΆααααΌαααΆαααΈαα ααααΎαααΆααααααααΆαα ααΆααααΆαααααααααααααΌαααΆαααΉαααα’αααααΆαααααΆαααα ααΎααααΆαααααααααΆααααααΆαααα·ααααααΆαααβ ααααΈαααα·αααΎαααΆααα·ααΆαα’αααΈαααααΆαα·ααΆα αα·αααααΆαααααααααΆααααααΆαα·ααΆαααΆααααΈααααα·αααα ααα»αααααααα»ααα·αααΆ ααΌαααααΆαααααΉαααααααΆααααααααααααΆααΈααΆα αααΎα ααΊααΆαααααΆαααααααααΆααααααΆααααααααααααΆααααΈα αααααΆααααΆααα·αααααααΆααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ-ααααα»ααΆα αα ααααΆαααΌαα’αΌααααααΆααΈαα ααΈαααα»ααααααααααα ααΎαααΆαααΉαααααΆααααΆ αααααΊααΆααααΉαααα·ααΆαααααααααΆαααα½αααααα½αααααααΆααααα’αα’α αααααΎαααΆαααα½αααααΆαα αα·αααααΎααααΆαααααα·ααΆααααααααΆααααΆααααααΉαααααΆααααααααααααααααα ααααα’ααΆααα ααΌα αααα ααΎαβααΆαβαααα αβαα·ααΈβαα½αβα ααα½αα ααΆααααΌα ααΊααΎαααααΆααααααΆααααΆααΆααααααΆα αα ααΆαααΈααααααΆ ααααΆαααα αα α ααααααααα½αααααααα§α ααααΆααααααα½αααΎα ααααααα»αααΆααααα αααΆαα·ααΈααααααα’αΆα αΆααααααααΆα ααΆαα½α α―αα§ααααα§αααΆαααααααααααααΈ αα·ααααααααααααΈααααα½αααΆαααααα ααααΆαα αα»αα»α αα·ααα»ααααα·αααΆααααααααα½αα ααα½αααααααααα½αααΆααααααα ααΎαααΆααα·ααΆαα’αααΈααααΆαααααααααΆαααααααααΆααααΈα ααΆαααΈαα ααααΎαααααααααΆααααααααα ααΆαα’αα·αααααααααααΎαααΆαααααααα αα·αααΆαααααΉααα»ααααααΎαααΆααααααΆαααααα’ααΆααα ααααα·α ααααααα ααΆααΆααααααΆαα·ααααααΎαα ααΌα αααα Β«ααααααΆαα·ααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈΒ» αα ααααααΈ α’α¦ ααααααΆ αααα»αααΆααααα ααα·ααΈααα½αααααΆαααααααααα½α ααΎααααΈααααΆαααα Β«ααααααΆαα·ααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈΒ» α αΎααα αααααα ααΎαααΆαααααααα‘αΌα αααα’αα’αααααΆααααααααΆαααΌαααααααΎααααααΆααααΌαααΆαα αααα»ααα·αααΉαααΆ ααΎα’αααααΎαααααα’αααααΉα α¬ααΆαααΎαα‘αΌα ααααααααα α₯α‘αΌααααα»αααΆαααααα»αααα‘αΌα αααααα ααΎαααααΆαααααΊ ααΆααΆα‘αΌα αααααΈαααα ααααααα ααααΆαα·ααΆαααΎαααΆααα ααΆααΆαααααααααΆαααΆαα·ααααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ Β«αααα αααΌααΌΒ» αα·α Β«the Southern CrossΒ» αααααΆαααα»αααΆααΆαα·αα αα ααΎαααααΆαα·ααααααΎα αα·ααα ααΆαααααα»ααΆ ααΆαααααΆα Β«α’ααααααααΒ» αα·α Β«ααααααΒ» αααααΆααααααΆαα·ααααααααα»ααΆα ααΎαβααΆαβααΎαβααααΎαααΆαβα‘αΌα αααβααα α αΎαβααΎαβααΆαβααααΎβααααΉαααα·ααΆαααβαα½αβα ααα½αβααΆααβααΈβαααβαααβααα α’αααΈααααα·ααααααα»αααα ααΊααααΉαααα·ααΆααααα½α αααααΆαααααααα‘α αααα αα½αααΆαααααΎαααααααα·α αα ααααα§ααααααααΈααα―α John Sanderson α’ααΈααααααααΆααΆααααααααΆααααα’αΆααααΆααα’ααααααΆααα αααααΆααΆαα·αα ααααα»ααΆ (α’αα»αααΆαα) αα·α αααααααΈ Lorraine SandersonαααααΆααα·ααΆα α’αααααΆααααΈαααΊααΆααααΆαα·α’αΌααααααΆααΈααααααΎα αα·αααΆαααααΆαααααααααΆααα·ααααα·αααααΆαα½αααααααααααα»ααΆ αααααααΆαααααΎααΆαααΆαα½αα’αα»αααΆαααα ααΎαααααααααααααΆαα‘α©α©α α αααααΆααααΈααααα·ααα ααΈααααααα ααα‘ ααααα ααΎαααΆααααα αααααΉαααα·ααΆαααααΆα αααΎα αα½αααΆααααΆαααΆαααα·αααααααΌααα αααααΆααααααααα½ααααα αααααΆααΆα α‘αΊ αααΌαααΆαα αααα»αααΆαααΆααΈααααααα ααΎααααΈααααΆαααααα½αααΎαααΈ 30 ααα’αα»αααΆαα αα·αααΆαα·αααααΆααα½αα ααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈα ααααα’αα»αααΆααα ααΌα αααα αααααΊααΆααααΉαααα·ααΆαααααααααΆαααα½αα ααΎαααααΆαααααΎαααααααα·α αα ααΆαα½ααααααΆααααΈα αα ααΆαααααα αααααΆα αα·αα’αααααααα ααΎααααΈααΎαααΆαα’αα·αααααααα ααααααααααααααααααααα»ααΆα αααααΆααααΈαααααΆααα½αααΆαα½ααααααΆαααααααααααααΈ α αα»α ααα αα·αααα½αααΆαα’αΆα αΆαααααααααα αα½αααΆαα½αα§αααΆαααααααααααααΈ αα·ααααααααααααΈαα½αα ααα½α αα½αααΆαα½αααααααααΈαα·α ααΆαα αΌααα½ααα·α αα ααααα»α αα·ααα·α αα αααααΆαααααΆα αααΎα α αΎαααΆαα§ααααααααΈαα Sanderson ααΆαααα½ααααααΆααααααααα·ααα·αααα·ααααΈ ααΆαααα·ααααΆαααααααα»ααΆα ααΌα αααα ααΆαα·αααΆααααΆααααΆαααααα»αααααΎααααααααα·α αα ααα αα·αααΆααΆαα αααααΆααααααΆαααΆαααααΆαα αα·αααααΉααααα½αα£α ααααΆαααα’αα»αααΆααααα»ααααααα ααα»αααααα½αααΎαααΈ α§α ααααααΆααααααααααααΆααΈ ααΊααααΆααααααααΆαααΌαααααααΎαα ααΎαααβααΆαβααααΉαααα·ααΆαααβαα½αβα ααα½αβαααβαααβααΎαβαααααβαααααΆααβααααΆαβαααβα ααααα½ααααα αΌαααΆααααΆαα αΆααααααΎα Β«αααααα·ααΈαααααΎαααΆααααααααααααααα·α αα ααααΈααααααΆααΒ» αααααΆααααααα½ααααα·α αα αα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆαα’αα·ααααααααααααΎαααΆαα½αααααααααααα»ααΆ αααααΆααααΌαααΆαααα α ααΆ Β«CAP-REDΒ» αααααΆαααααα·ααΈαααααΆαααΉαααααΆααα ααα½α α¨α§ααΆααααΆααα»ααααΆα αααααΎαααΆαααααααΆααα±ααααααΎαααΆααα ααα»ααααΆαααααΆααα»ααααα ααΆααΆαααααααα αααααα½ααααα»αααΆααα½αααααα»ααΆαααα»αααΆααααΆαααΆααααααΉαααααααα·α αα αααααααα½αααΎααΆαα·ααααααα ααΆααα·αα·ααα ααα·αααα α αααααΆαα ααΆαααααααα αα·ααααΆααααααα αα·ααααααααααααααααα·ααΆααααααα α’ααΆααα ααΆααΆαααααα·ααΈααααααααααΆαααααΆαα ααΎααααααααΉαααΆααΉαα’αΆα ααΎαααααΎαααΆαααααΆαααααΎαα’αΌααααααΆααΈααααΈαα αααα»αααΆαααΆααΈααααααααααα ααααααααααα»αααα»ααααΆαααααΆααα»αααα αααααΆαααΆααααα αααΆααααΉαααα·ααΆαααα’αΆα αΆα αα·ααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ ααΎααααΈαααα αΆαααΌαα’αΆα αΆα αα·ααααααααααα’αααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈαααααΎαααΆααα αααα»αααααααααααα»ααΆ α αΎααα α α»αααααααα ααααααΈ α’α¨ αααα·αα»ααΆ αα αΌααααααααααΈ α α£ ααααααααΆα ααΎαααααΆαααΆα’αααα§ααααααααααααα½ααα ααΎ Β«αα αααααααΆαααααα’ααααααΆαα·ααααα»ααΆ (ααΎαααΈα‘α£)Β» αα ααΈααααααα»αααΈαααα»αααααααα α αΎαααΉαααΆαααΆαααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈαα αΌααααα‘α₯ααΏα α αΆαααααα αΆαααααα»ααα αααααααα ααααΌα ααΆααΆαααΆαα αΌααα½αααΈ ααα·αααααΆαααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈαα α αΎαα’ααααα·ααααααΆαααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈαααααα αααααααΆααααααααα½αααΎαααΈα§α αααααα ααΌα αααα αααα»αααΈαααΆαααΉααααααΉααααα αΆαααααΉαααα·ααΆαααααΆααα’ααααααααα»αααααααααα»ααααΆαααααΆααα»ααααα
αααα½αααΈα’α ααΎαααΆαααΎαα αΎαααΆ α αααααΆαααΌααααΆαααααα»ααΆ αα·αα’αΌααααααΆααΈ ααΊααΆααααΆααααααααααΌαα’ααααα αα αΌααα αααα§ ααααααααααα αΎαα ααΌα αααα αα ααααααα·α αα αα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆα αα·αα αααααΆαααΌαααααΌαα’ααααααααα ααΎααααΉαααα·ααΆαααααααΆαααα’αααΈαααααααααΆαααΎαα‘αΎααααα»αα’αα‘α»ααααα§α ααααΆαααααααα α αΎααα αααα’ααΆαα ααΎααΆααααααααΆαααααααααααααααΆααααΈαααΆααααααΉαααΎαααΎαααΎααααΈαααααΈααα·α αα αα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆαααααααααααααΆααααΈαααααααααα?
αααα»αβαα·αβααΆααΆβααααΌαβα‘αΎα ααααΆαααααααααβααΆαβα αΆααβααααΎαβααΈβαα·αααα·αβαααααβααααΌαβααβαααβααΆαβαα βαα·ααααΆβαα βααΆαααα·ααααΆαααβα’αΌααααααΆααΈα αα·αααααΈαα½ααααααΊαα ααααΆα α‘α©α₯α€ α αΎαααΆαα·αααΆααΆααααααααα·ααααΌααααα αΎαααΆααααΈαααααααα αααααΆαααα·αααα·ααααααΆααααα ααααΆααα·ααααΆααΈααΆαααα·ααααΆαααα’αΌααααααΆααΈα ααααΌαα‘αΎα ααΆαααα·ααα ααααααααααα·ααΈαα½ααααααααΆ Β«The Colombo PlanΒ» ααααααααΆαα·ααΆαα’αΌααααααΆααΈααΆααααααΎαα‘αΎααααα»αααααααααααααΆαα‘α©α¦α ααΎααααΈαααααα±ααΆαααααα·αααα·αααααΈα’αΆαααΈαααΆαααΈα ααα·α ααααα αααααααα ααααΎαααΉαααΎαα‘αΎααα·αααΈαααααααΆααααααΎαααΈα’ βα±ααααΆααα ααΎαααΆααα·ααααΆαα ααααααβα’αΌααααααΆααΈα ααΆβααΆαβαα·αβααΆααβ ααΎααΎααα βαααβααααααβααΈααΈα¦α ααΎαβααΆαβαα·α αα βαα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆαβααα·ααααβ βαα·αβααααααααβααΆααΆααΆαααααααΆα αααΎα βααΆαα½αβααΉαβαααααΆαα·ααΆαββαα βααΈαααααΆβαααβαααβα αααα‘ααααΆαα½αααΉαααααααααααααα α ααααΆααααααααααααΎαααΆαααΆααααΆααααΌα αααα’αααααααΉααα»α ααα»ααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈααΆαααααΎααΆααααΆααα·ααααα·ααα αα·αααΆααα½ααΆααΈααααΆαααααα»αααΆααα½αααΆαααααΌαααΆαααα α ααααΆααααΈααα’ααΆααααααααα·ααΆααα ααααα»ααΆα ααΆααααΈααααααα ααΌα ααααααα»αααΆααα·ααΆα α’αΌααααααΆααΈααΆααα½ααΆααΈααααααΆαααα½ααααα»αααΆααααααΎααα·α αα αααααααααααααα·ααΆαααΈαααα»ααααΆααΈα ααΆαα αα αΆ αα·αααΆαααααΎααααα α»αααααααα Β«αα·α αα αααααααααααααα·ααΆαααΈαααα»ααααΆααΈαΒ» αααααααΌαααΆαα α»αα αααααααΆαααα»ααααα»ααΆ ααααΆα α‘α©α©α‘ α αΎαααΌα ααααααα»αααΆαααΎαα‘αΎαααΈαα»αααΆααααααΉαα§ααααααααΈαα Sanderson ααα α ααΆααα½αα αααααααΆαααααΆααααααα’αΆααααΆααα’ααααααΆαα’αααααΆααα αααααΆααΆαα· (α’αα»αααΆαα) αααααΎαα ααααΈαα·α αα αααααααααααααα·ααΆαααΈαααα»ααααΆααΈαα ααΎαααΆαααααΆαα·α’αΌααααααΆααΈααΆα α‘ α’α α ααΆαα αααααΆααααααΎααΆαααΆαα½αα’αα»αααΆαα αα·αααΆαα½α UNAMICαα»αα’αα»αααΆαααααα’αααααααΆααααΈααααΆα α‘α©α©α‘ αα αΌααααααααΆα α‘α©α©α£α αααααΆαααα αααα»αα’αα‘α»ααααααα’αα»αααΆαα Β«αααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈαααααΆααααΆαα’ααααΒ» (ACE) ααααΌαααΆααααααΎαα‘αΎααα ααΈααααααα»αααααααααααα»ααΆ ααΆαααααααΆαααααΆααααααααΆαααααα»ααααααΆαααΆααΆα’αααααααααααααααΆααααααα»ααΆ αα·ααααααα αΌαααααααααααααααααα αααααααα»αααααΆαααααα½αααΎαααΈ α£α αααααααα½ααα ααααΆαααααααααα ααααααααααααααααΌαααΆαααααααΎαα‘αΎα ααααααααΈαα ααα½αααΆααΆ αα·ααα·ααααα·αααα·αααΆαααααΊαααΆαααααα₯α‘αΌαααααα·ααααΆαα αααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈαααααΆααααΆαα’αααα (ACE)α ααΌα αααα αααααΊααΆααααΉαααα·ααΆαααααααααΆαααα½αααα ααΊααΆααααααΎα αα·αααΆαααΈαα ααααΎαααααααΆααααααα ααΎαα·ααΆαα’αααΈααααΆααααα·α ααΎαααΆααα½ααααααΎα Β«CARDIα αα·ααααΆααααΆαααααΆαααααΆα αα·αα’αα·ααααααααα·ααααααααα»ααΆΒ» αα α α»αααααααααααααΆα α‘α©α©α αααααΆααα·ααααααα·α αα αα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆαααα·ααααααΆα αααΎαααααΆααααΆαααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·αααααα»ααΆ α αΎαααΎαααααααΆαααα CARDI αα αΌαααααααααααααααααααΆαα½αααΉα αα·α αα αα·αααααααΉααααααααΆα αααΎαααΎαααααααΆαααααΆαααααΆααααααααα½α ααΆαα·αααααΆααααααΉαααααααααααΌααααααα ααΆααααααΉααα αα ααααααααααααααα»αααααΆααααΆαααΆα αα·αααΆαα’αα·ααααααααΆαααΆαα ααα’αααα αα·αααααΆαααΆααααααααααααααααααααααΈααααα»ααΆα αα½αααα αααα»ααα·αααΆααααΉαααα·ααΆαααααααΆααααΊααΆααααααΎααααααΆαααααΆααααααΆααααα’ααααααΆαα·ααααΌααααα ααααα»ααΆαααα»αααααααααααααΆα α‘α©α©α α αΎααααααΊααΆαααααααα»αα αα»αααΌαααααΆααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αααα₯α‘αΌααααααααΌαααΆαααα α ααΆ Β«TELSTRAΒ» αααααΆαααα»αα αα»αααΌαααααΆαααααααααα½αααααααΎαα αα βαααααβααααβαααααβαααα α α’αΌααααααΆααΈβααΆαβααΆααααβααΆααΆααααΈβαααααβαααα αβαααΆαβααααΆααα ααΆααα·ααα α’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·ααααα»α ααΊααΆααα αΆαααααα½αααααΈα£ αααααααΎαααΆαααΆααΆααααΈααααα’αααααΆααα αααααΆααΆαα· αααααΆααααΆαααΆααααααΈααααΉαααΆαααΆαααααααααα’ααΈαααααααααα α α αΎαααΎαααααΆαααααααααα½αααΆα α‘α α ααΆααα»ααααΆαααααα α αΆααααΆααααΈααααΆα α‘α©α©α€ ααΎααααΈααΆαααααααααΆααααααΈααα ααααα»ααΆ αααααΆαααααα αΆααααΈα αα·ααααααααΆαα·αααα»ααααααααααααααΆαααααααααΈαααααααΆα ααΆαα·ααααα ααΆαααΆαααΆααααα αα·αααΆααα·α ααΌα ααΆαααααααΆαααααα αααααααααα·α αα·αααααααααααΆαααΆαααα α αΎαααΎαααααααΆααααααααα ααααααααα»ααΆ ααΎααααΈααααΆαααΆαααααααααααααΆαααΈααα ααααΆα α’α α’α₯α ααΌα αααα ααΆαααααααααΆααααααΆααααΉαααα·ααΆααα αααααα·ααΈ αα·αααΆαα’αα·αααααααααααΆαααΎαα‘αΎααααα»αααααααα§α ααααΆααα»αα αα αααα’ααΆαα αααα»ααα·αααΆ ααΆααααααΉαααΆααααααΈααα·α αα αα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆα ααΎααα·αααΆα αααααααΈαααααΌααα·αα·αααααΆαα·αααααααααααααΎα αααα»ααα·αααΉαααΆα’αααα’αΆα αα½ααααα»ααααααααααα’αααΈααΏαααααα ααααααααααΆααα ααα»αααααααα»ααα·αααΆ αααααΆαααααα»ααΆααΌα ααααααααΆα αααΎαααααααααΆαααΌαααααΎαααΈααααΊααΆαααααΆαααΌααΈα-α‘α© αααααα»ααα·ααααααα’αααΈααααααα·α αα ααααααααΆααααααα½αααΉαααααααααα ααΆαααα’ααΆαα ααΎααααΈαααααααααααααααααααααΆαα·ααΆαααααα»ααΆ ααΎααααΈααααΆαααΆαααααααααααΆαα αααΌααααααααααα·αααααααα ααααΆαα’α α£α αα·αααΆαααααααααααΆαααααΆααα αααΌαααααααα ααααΆαα’α α₯α αααααΆααααααα»ααα·αααΆα’αααΈαααααααΊααΆαααααΆαααΆααααα αΆαααΊααΆαα·ααΈαααααααΈααααΆαααΈαααΌαααΆααααααααα·α αα αααααααΆααααααα½αααΆααααααααααΆααα·αααααΆαααα αΌααααααααΊααΆαααααΆαααα αααα ααααΆαα·ααααααΆαααααααΆααααααΆαα±ααααααααα·α αα ααΈαα ααααΎααα αααα»αα’ααΆααααααα α αΎαβαα·ααΆαααΆααΎβααΆβα αααβα’αααΈβααααβαααβααααα»ααΆβαααααΆααα αΆααααααααααα·α αα βααΈααΈααααααβαααα½α αα·αβαααααβαααα½αβαα βααΉαβααα·ααααααβα§ααααΆα ααααβαα·ααααα α€.α αααααΊααΌα ααααα ? αααα»αααΉαααΆαααααΆαα·ααΆααα ααΈααααα·ααααΆαααααα ααα’αααΈαααα αΆααΆααααα α αΎααααα»ααα·αααΆααααΆαααααααα·αα·αααααΆαα·αααααααααΉαααααΌαααααααααα½α αα·αααααΌααααα αα·α αΆαααΆ ααΆααααΆαααααΆααααααΌααααααααααααααα·α αα αα·αααααΉααααα ααΈαααααα»ααααααα ααΊαα αα»ααα·ααα·ααααα ααα»αααααααααΆα’αααΈαααααΎαα ααααΎααα ααΈααα αα ααααααααααααααααα»ααΆααααΆααααααΌααα ααΆαααααααααααΆαα αααΌααααααααααα·αααααα αα·αααααααα·α αα αααααΆαααααΆααα αααΌαααααα α αΎαα αααΆααααΆααααααΆααααααααααααΎαααΉαααααΆααααααΌα ααΎαααΉααα·αααΆααααααα·ααΈαα·α αα αα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆαα’αα·ααααααααααΆαααααΌα αααααΎαααααΎαα αααααααα αααααααααα»ααΆααΉααα·αααααΌαααΆαααΈαααα½αααΆα αααΎαααΌα αααααααα ααΌα αααααΉαααΆαααΆααααααα’αΆαααααααα ααΉαααααΆααααααΌααα ααΆαααααααΆαα·ααααααααααααααααααααααΆαααααααααα ααΌα αααα αααα αΎαααΆααααααααααααα»αααΎαααΈααααααααααα·α αα αα ααααα·ααααα·ααΉαααΆααααααΈααα α
αααα½αααΈα£α αα·ααΆαα’αααΈααααΊααΆαααααΆαααααΊααΌααΈα-α‘α© ααΎα―αα§αααααα·ααααΆαααΆα ααααααααΆαααααααααΆαααααα»ααΆ αα·αα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αααα»αααα·ααααααΆαααΆαααααΆαααααΊααΌααΈα-α‘α©? ααΎα―αα§ααααβαα·αβααΆβααΆβααΆβα±ααΆαβαααααΆααβααααααβααΆααβααΈα α αΎαβααΎβααΆβααΆαβααΆαβααβααΌαβααβα’αα·αααααΆαβαααβααΆβαααααΆααβααααΆααααααβααααααβααΆααβααΈα?
ααααα·αααΎα’ααααααα‘ααααΎαααααΊααΆαααααΆα ααΆααΌαα α’αααααΉααα·ααΆαααΆ ααΎααΎαα ααααΆαααΆαα? ααΆαα ααΌα αααα αααα»ααααααα ααααΊααΆαααααΆαααΊααΆααΏαα’αα·αααααΆααααααΆααααα»ααααααααααααΆ ααα»ααααααααα·αααΎα’ααααααα‘ααααΎαα’αααΈααααα·αααααΆα ααΎαα’αΆα ααααΆαααα·αααααααααα·αα αααα»ααα·αααΆ ααααΆααααΆαα ααΆαααααααααααααΎα ααΆαααααααααααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ ααΎαααΆααα·αααΆ α’αΌααααααΆααΈααΊααααα ααΆααααααα½ααααααααα₯ααααΌαααΆαααΈα ααα·αα ααΎααα·ααααααΆα’αααααααααααΆαααααΆααααα ααα ααΎαααΆααααααα½ααααααααααα ααΌα ααααα αΎα ααααααα·α αα αα·ααα»αα»ααΆαααΆα αα»αααΆαααααααααααααΆααΆαααα»ααααααααααααΎαααΊαααααΆαααααααααΆααααααα»αα»ααΆαααΆαααααααα·α αα αα·ααα»αααΆαααααααΎαα ααΌα ααααααΌα αααααΎααααα·ααΆαααΆ Β«ααΎααα·αααΆααα»ααααα·ααΆααα α’αΌααααααΆααΈαα·αααΆααα»ααααα·ααΆαααΈααΌααΈα-α‘α© ααΆααααα’ααααααααααααΆαα αααα»ααααααααααααΎαααΆααα»ααααα·ααΆαΒ» α ααΌα αααα αααααΆαα·ααΈααΆααααααααααΎαααΆαααα αααα αΎαααΆααΌαα ααα»ααααααααΆαα·ααΆαα’αΌααααααΆααΈααΆααααααΎαααΌαα’αααΈαααααΎαα α ααΆ Β«αα»αααααΆαααααααααΆαααΆαααΆααααΌΒ» α αΎαααΆααααααααααΆαααααααααΊααΆαααΆααΆααΆα’αααΈαααααΎαααααΎαα αααα»α ααα αα·α αα αα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆαα’αα·ααααααααΆαα½ααααααααα·αααΆαααΊαααααα αα·αααΆααααα ααΎααααΈαα½αααααααααΆααΆαααα»αααΆααααααααααααααΊααΆαααααΆα α αΎααααααΆααααααΊααΆαααΎαα‘αΎααα·α αα·α ααΌαααΆαααα ααΆααααα α αα αααα»αααααΈααααααααααααααα»ααΆ ααΎαααΆααααααΎα "αααααΆαααααΎααααααααΆααααΆαα’αα·ααααααααααααααα»ααΆ" α αΎααααααααΌαααΆααααααααααααααΆαααΆααααααΆαα·ααΆαα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·ααααααΆαα·ααΆαααααα»ααΆ α αΎαααΆααΌαααααΆα ααΎαααΆααα·ααΆαααΆ ααΎαααΆααααααααααΆαα ααΈααα αα·αααα’αΆαα·ααΆααααααΎαααΉααααααααΎααΌααΆααααΆαα’αα·ααααααα αα·α αα αα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆααααααΆαβα ααα½αβααΈα ααΈαα½αα ααααα·αα»ααα»αααΆαα ααΈβα’α αααααα·ααΈβαααβαα½αβαααβαααα·αααΆαβααααα αα·αβααΈβα£α αααααα·ααΈβαααβαα½αβαααβααΆαβαααα»αβααΎαα‘αΎααα·αααβααααααα·α αα α ααΎααααΈααΈααααα·αα»ααα»αααΆα ααΎαααΆαααααΆαααΌα αααα»ααα·ααΆα αα αααααααααα»ααα·ααΆαααΆα’ααα αΉα αααα»αααΆααααααΆ α’αΌααααααΆααΈααΆαααααΆααααααΎαααΆαααααΎααΆαααΆαα½ααα·ααααα»ααΆαα·ααΆαααααα»ααΆααΆαααΈαααααααααααα αΎα α αΎαααΎαααΆα’αααααΆαααααααΆααααααα αΉααααααααα·ααΈαααααΆααααααααααΎααααΈαααααΉααααααααααα»ααΆαα·ααΆαααααααααααααααα»ααΆααΆααΌαα αα·ααααααααΆαααΎαααΉαα α·αααααααααααΈαααααα αα·αααααααα»αααΆα ααΎααααΈαααααα’ααΆαα’αα»αααααααααα½ααα ααΎααααΈααΆαααααα·αααααα’ααΆαααααααααΎαα‘αΎαααΈα’αααααααΊ αα·ααααααΆααααααΊααΎααααΈα’αΆα ααα½αααΆαααΌααα·αα·ααααααααΈαααααΆαα·ααΆαα ααΆααΆαααααα·ααΈαα½ααααααΆαα Β«ααααααααΎααααααααα»αααΆα ααααααα»ααΆαα·ααΆα α¬ H-EQIPΒ» ααααααααααααααααααΆααΆααα·ααααα (WTO) ααΆαα½αααΉαααα αΆαααααα½ααα½αα ααα½α αα½αααΆααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ α αΎαααΆααΆααα·αααΆαα ααΎααα ααααααααααΎααΆ ααΈααααααααααΆαα·αααΆαααΌααΈα-α‘α©ααααα α’αααααΌαα ααΊαα ααααΊ α αΎαααααΌααα αααααΈαααααα α¬αα ααααααα»αααΆααααααΆααα ααα»αααααααα ααααα·αααΆαααααααααΆαααααα»ααα ααΉαααΌααΈα-α‘α©α ααΌα αααα ααΎαα ααααααΎα±ααααααΆααααΆαααααααααα»ααΆαα·ααΆαααΊ ααΎαααααΎα’αααΈαααααΎαα’αΆα ααααΎααΆα ααΎααααΈααΆααΆααΆαααααααααα»ααΆαα·ααΆαα’αΆα αααααααα·αααααΉαααααΆαα½αααΌααΈα-α‘α©ααα»ααααααα ααα»ααααααΆαα½αααΉαααΆαα»ααααααααα ααΌα ααΆααααΊαααααα ααΆαα½αααααα·ααααα·ααΆα αα·ααααα αΆαααααΆααααΆαααΆααααα½αααΈααααΊααΆα ααΌα αααααΆααΎαα‘αΎαααΆααααααΆαα αααα»αααααααααααα»ααΆ ααα»ααααααΆαα·αααα ααααααΌααΈα-α‘α©α ααΎαααΆαααΉαααΈαα·ααΈααααΆααααααααααΆααααα αΆααααααΆααααααααΊααΆαααααΆαααΊ ααΆααα·ααΈααΆα αααΎα ααα»ααααααΆααααΌα ααΊααΆαα’αααααα·αααΆααααααΉαααΆααΆααΆαααα ααα»αααβααααΌαβααΉαβααΈβαααααααααΆαααααΆα ααΆβααβαα½αβααΆααβαααΆαα ααααΌαβααΉαααΈβααα αΌααβααααα ααΊααΌα α’αααααΉαααΆαα·αααααΊ α£ααΆαααΆα αα·αβα£βαα»αα αα·ααΈααΌαααααΆααααααΆααααΆαααααααα αΆαα·αααααααΆαααααααΌααΈα-α‘α© ααα»αααααααααΆααααααααΆαα·ααΈαααααααααααααα»αααααΉαααΆαααααααα αΆαα·αααααααΆαααααααΌααΈα-α‘α© α¬ααΆααααααααααααααΆααααααααααααΆ ααΊααΆααααααΆαα αΆαααααΆααααΆααα ααΌα αααα ααΎαβααΆαβααααΎβααΆαβααααααααΆβα α·αααβααΆααααΈααΎαα αααα»ααα·αααΆααΆαααα αααααα»αααα ααααΆα α’α α’α‘ αααααΎαααΉαααααΎαααΎααααΈααααααααααααααα»ααΆααΆαα½αααΉααααΆααααΆααααΌααΈα-α‘α©α ααα»ααααααααααααΊααΆααααα αΆααααααα½αα ααα½αααΆααααααΉααααααααααΆααααααααααααααααααααΆααααΆαααα½αααΆααααΆααααΆαα ααΆαα·ααααααααα Β«αααΆααααΆαα mRNAΒ» ααΌα ααΆαααΆααααΆαα Pfizer ααα»ααααααΎαααααΎααΆααα ααααααΌααααΆααα»α ααΎααααΈαααααα±ααααααα»ααΆααΌαααααΆα Pfizer α ααα½αα’.α£α₯ ααΆαααΌαα αααΆααααΆααβαααβαααααΆαα·ααΆαβααααα»ααΆβααΆαβααΆααβα±ααβααααΎβααααΆααβααΆαααααααααΌααααΈαααΌαβαααααΆααβα’αααβαααβααΆαβα αΆααβααααΆαβαααααΆαβααΆβαααβαα½α βα αΎαβα ααΆααΊααΆααΆαα αΆααααΎαααΈα€ ααΆαααααααΆααααΆαα Pfizer α αΎαααΎαααΆαααααα α¬α’αααααΆαα’ααααααΆαα·ααααΌααααααααΆααααααΆααααΆαα Pfizer ααααααα»ααΆα αααΆααααΆαα Pfizer ααΊααΆαααΆααααΆαααααα½αααααααΆαααααααααααΌααα»ααα ααααααααΌαα±ααααΆαααΆαααΆαααααα»ααα»αααααα αα·αααααα½ααααα αΌαααΆααααααΆαα»ααααα»αααΌαααααααααααΌαα±ααααΈαα»ααα ααΆαααΊαααα αααα80 ααΊααααα ααΌα αααα ααΎαβααααΆαβαααααααΌαβααΌαβααΉαααβααΆαβα ααα½αα‘α£α£ ααααΏαβαααααα ααααα½αα ααα½αααΊαααααΆααααααΆααααααα80 ααΊααααα αααααααααΆααααααα20 ααΊαααα α αΎααααα’αΆα α±ααααααα½ααα»ααΆαα·ααΆααα ααΈααααααααΆααααΆαα Pfizer α ααααΈααααααα α αΎαα ααα αΆαααΆαααααα α αΎααααααΆααααααα’αΆα α αΆαααααΆααααΆααααΆααααααααΆαααααα·αα αΆαααΆα αα‘αΎαααααααααααααα‘αΎα ααααααα»αααΆαααΎααααααααΆααα αααα»αβααΎαβαααααΆααααααβαα βααααα·ααΈβα αΆααβαααΆααααΆααβαααβα αααΉαα αααααΈααΆααααΆαααααΆααααΆααα ααααΆαααΌααΈα-α‘α© ααααΆαααααΆααααΆααα ααααΆαααααΊααΆαααααΆααααααααα αααα»ααα·αααΆααΆααΆααα½ααααααΉαααααααααα αααα»αααααΈααααααΎα ααΊααααΆααααααααααααΎαααΆαα½αααααααααααα»ααΆ ααΈαααααααΆααααΈαααααααα·α αα αα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆαα’αα·ααααααααααΌααααΌααΆα ααα»ααααααααΆαααΈαααΆααααΆααααΌααΈα-α‘α©ααΆααααΆαααα½αααααα ααΆααααααΉα αα·αααΆααααααααααααα ααΎααα·αααΆα’αΆα αα½ααααααΆααααααααααααΌααΈα-α‘α©ααααααααααααααα»ααΆ αα·αααΆαααααΎαααααααααααα»ααΆα ααααααΌααΈα-α‘α© α αΎααααα»ααα·αααΆααΆαα½αααααΆααααααααααααΎαααΆααααααΌααααΌααΆαα
αααα½αααΈα€α ααααΆαα’α α’α’ ααααΆααααΆααααααααα»ααΆααααΆαααΆαααααΆαααααΌααααααααα’αΆαααΆαα ααΌα ααααα αΎα αααααα αααα½ααα½αααΆ ααΎα’αΌααααααΆααΈααΆααα½αα ααααα’αααΈαααααααααααα»ααΆ αααα»αααΆααααΆαααααΆαα’αΆαααΆα αααα»αααΆααααααααΆααααα αΆααααααααα»αααααα αααα»αααΆααααα»αα±ααααααα»ααΆααααΎααα αΆαααααααα·α αα ααααα»αααααΌαα’αΆαααΆα αα·ααα·α αα ααααα»αααΆαααααααα±ααααΆαααααααααΆαααααΆααα»α?
ααΌα βα’αααβααΆαβααΎαβα‘αΎαβααααΆαβα’α α’α’ ααΆβααααΆαβααβααααΆααβαααααΆααβααααα»ααΆ α αΎαβααβααΌα βααΆβαα½αβααΎαβααΈβα§α βααβααααΆααααααβααααααΆααΈβααααβααΎαβααα α αΎαααααα»ααΆβααβααΆβαααααΆαβα’αΆαααΆαβαααα ααΎαβαααα»αβααααΆααΆαβαα½αβααααα»ααΆβαααα»αβαα½ααΆααΈβαααβααΆαβααααααΆαβαααβααΎαβα’αΆα βααααΎβαα βααΆα ααα»ααααβαααα»αβαα·αβααΆβααΆβααααΆαααααα»αααΆαβαααα αΆαβααΈβα’αααΈβαααβααααα»ααΆβααΆαβααααΎβαααααΆααβα’αΌααααααΆααΈα αααα»αβααα·ααβα’αΆαααΆα ααααα»ααΆβααΆβα’αααβααΆααααααααααΆααααααΆαααα’αΌααααααΆααΈα α§ααΆα αααα αα·α αα ααααα»αααααΌαα’αΆαααΆα-α’αΌααααααΆααΈ αααααΎαααΆαααΆαααααΆααααααΆαα ααΌα αααα αα·α αα ααααα»ααααα αΆαααααΆαααααααααΉαααΆαα’αΆαααΆα-α’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·ααα·α αα ααααα»αααΆααααΆααααΎαααααΌα ααΉαααΎαααΆααα ααααααααααα»ααΆαα αααα»ααααα·α ααα·ααΆ ααααααααΆαααααααααααααΈααααααΎαααΉαα αΌααα½αα ααΆαα½αααααΆααα α’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·αα’αΆαααΆα αα·αααΆααααααααααΎ Β«ααΆαααΆααααΌαα»αααααΆαααααααααααααα»ααααααΒ» ααΆααααααα α α·ααααααααααΌαααΆαααααΎα‘αΎααααα’αΆαααΆαααΆαααΈααααΆααα»α ααΆααααΈααααααααααααΆαααΆαααΆαααααααΆαααααΆααααΈααααα»ααΆα ααΌα αααα ααΎαβα±ααβαααααβααααΆααβααΆαααα ααΎααααΆααααααβααααβααΎαβααΆαα½αβα’αΆαααΆαα ααΆααα·αααΎαααΆααααΌααααααΆααΌαα’ααααααααα»αααααα’αΆαααΆα ααΎαααΆαααααΆαααΆααααΌααααααΆααααα’αΆαααΆαααΆαααΈααααΆα α‘α©α§α€ αααααΊαααααα α’α₯ ααααΆααα»ααααααααα»ααΆα αΌαααΆαααΆαα·αα’αΆαααΆαα ααΌα αααα ααΎααααααααΆαααααααααααα ααααααααΆααααααααΆαα½αα’αΆαααΆα αααααααΆααΆααα·αααΆαα α’αΆαααΈα’αΆααααααααΊααΆααααααα½αααααααΆααααααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈαααα»ααααα·ααα α αααα»ααα·αααΆ αααα»αααΆααααααΆα α¬ααΆααΆαα·α αα αααααααααααααα’αΆαααΆααα ααΆααΆαααΆααααΌαα»αααααΆαααααααααααααα»αααααα ααΎαααααΆααααααΆαααΈαααα·ααααα½α ααααΎαααΆααααααααα½αα ααα½α αα½αααΆαα Β«αααα·ααααα½α ααααΎαα’αΌααααααΆααΈαααααΆααα’αΆαααΆαΒ» ααΆααΆαααα·ααααα½α ααααΎαααααΈα ααα½αα‘α₯α€ααΆααα»ααααΆαα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αααααααΌαααΆααα ααΆα‘αΎαααΎααααΈαααααΎαααααΆααααααααααααΎαααΆαα½αα’αΆαααΆα ααααα½αααΆαααΌα ααΆ ααΆααααααα’αΆα αΆαααΌααααααααα’αααααΉαααΆαααααΈααααααα»αααα ααααα ααα½αα‘α α ααΌα ααααΈααΌααΆαααααααααα α’αΆαααΆααα αα·ααααΆαα ααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ ααΎαααααΆααααααααΆαααααααααααΆαααα Β«ααααααα·αααα’αΆαααΆαααααΈααΈα₯ααααΌ-αααΆαααΈα ααα·αΒ»α ααΎαααααΆαα’αα»ααααΆαα±ααααΆαααΆααααααα’αΆα αΆααΌαααααα’αααα αα·αααααα»ααααααΆααα αα ααααα αα·ααα·ααααΆααΈααα ααα½αα£α₯α ααααααααΆααααααΈαααααΆααααααα’αΆαααΆααααααα ααΎαααααααααααα½αααααΆααΆαααα Β«αααα·ααααα½α ααααΎαα’αΌααααααΆααΈαααααΆααα’αΆαααΆαΒ» ααΎααααΈααααΎααΆααα½αααααΆααΎααααααααΆααΆαααααααΌαααΆααααααααααααααΆαααΆαααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·αα’αΆαααΆαα ααΌα αααα αααα αΎαααΆα’αααΈααααααα»αα ααααΆαα―αααΆαααααΆαααα»ααα·αααααΌα ααΆ ααΆααααααΌααααααααΆααααααααα½αα’αΆααΆαααΆαα» αα·αααΆαααααααααα½α ααααα·αα»ααα»αααΆα ααΆααααααααΆααααα αΆαααααααααααα»αααααααα§αααα·αααααααααααααα ααΆααΆααΆαα αΆααα»αααααααααΎαααΆααα»αααΆαααα’ ααΆααΆααΆααΎαααΆαααΈααΆααααα’ααΎααααΈααααΎααααα ααΉαααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆααα ααααΎαααΆαααααααα ααα’ααΆαααααΎαα‘αΎααα·α αα·αααΆααααααααααα·αααααααααα·α αα αα·ααα»αα ααΆαααααααΊααΆααΏαααΆααα’αααααααΎαααΆααα·ααααα»αααααΆααΆααα½ααααα’αΆαααΆα ααΆαααΆααααααααα·ααααα αααααααΆαα α·ααααααααα» αα·ααα αα αααααα ααΆβααΆαβαα·αβααΆαα αααα»αβααΆαβααΆβαααααΆαβααααΆαβααα ααααα»ααΆβααΉαβααΆαβαααα αΆβααααΆαβαα½αβα ααα½αβαααα»αβααΆαβαααααβααααα ααΆααΆααα·αααΆαα αα·ααααΆααααΆαα αααα»αα·αααα’αΆαααΈ (AVI) ααΆααα·ααΆαα’αααΈααΏααααααΆα αααΎα α αΎαααΉαααααααααΎααΌααα ααααα½αααΆααααα αΆαααΎαααααααααααΈ ααΌα ααΆααααΆαααΆααα»αααααα’αααααααααΌαααααΆαααΎα ααΆαααΆαααΆαααααα½ααααααααα ααα»αααα α·αααΆαααααΌα ααα»ααααααΆααΆααα·αααΆαα ααααΈαααα αααααΆαααΏαα’αα»ααααΌα ααΆ ααΆααα·ααααααααΌα ααΆααΏααααααααα αΆααα ααΈαααΆαααααΆααΆαααΈααααΆααα»α αα·αααΆααα»ααα»ααααααα»αααααΈααΎα’αα»αααααααα ααααΆααααα αα ααααΆαααα ααΆαααααααΊααΆαααα αΆαααα’αΆαααΆαααααα·ααα½α α αΎαααΉαααααΌααααααααΆα α αΎαααΎαααΉααααααααΆαααΆααααα αααΎαααΆαααα’αΆα ααααΎαα ααΆααααααΆααααααΎαααΆααααα ααΎαααα ααααα½αααααΆααααΆ ααΆαααααααΊααΆαααα αΆαααααΎαα‘αΎα α αΎαααΉαααααΆααα·αααααααααΆααααααα»ααΆααΆαααααΆααα ααααΆαααα αα½αααΆαα½ααααααΆαααααΌααααΌααΆααα½αα ααα½α αααααααα»ααΆα ααααΎααα½ααααα·ααααααΆααααα·ααααααα»ααααααααα ααΎαααααΆαααααααααα½αα αααααααααΎααΌα ααΆ Β«ααΆαααααΆαααααααα·α αα α‘αΎααα·ααααααααΈααΌααΈα-α‘α©Β» ααΌα ααΆααααααΈαααα»αααΆαααΆα’αααααΉαααΆα α αΎαααΎαααααΆαααααααΆαααααΆααα ααααααΏααααα ααααα»ααΆααΉαααααΎααΆαααααΆα Β«αα·α αα ααααα»αααααααΈααΆα’αααααΉαααΆαα’αΆαααΆαΒ» αα αααα»ααΆααααΆαααα α αΎαα’αΌααααααΆααΈαααα»αααααααααα½ααααααα α·ααααααααα» αα·ααα αα ααααααααααΆαααα·α αα ααααα»αααααΌααααα±ααααααΎαααΆααα ααααααααα α αΎαααΆαααααα·ααααΆααααΆααααΆαα½αααΉαααααα ααΌααααΌααΆα αα·ααα½αααααΆαααα·ααααΆααααααααααααΎαααΆααααααα Β«αα·α αα αααααααααααΆαα·αααααααααααΈαααΆαααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ ααΌαααα αααα‘αα αα·αα’αΆαααΆαΒ» α αΎααααααααααααααΆαααααααααααΆαααΉαααΆαααααααααα»ααΆαααααααααΊααΎααααΈααααΎα±αααααααΎαα‘αΎαααΌααα·α αα αααααααααααΆαα·αααααααααααΈαααα ααΆααααΌαααΆαα α»αα αααααααΆααΆαα‘α ααααΆααα»α α αΎαααΎααααΈααααΎα±ααααΆααΆααααααΆααααααα ααΌα ααααααα»αααΆααα·ααΆαα’αααΈαα»ααααααΆαααααΆααααααΌααα ααΆααααααααααααααα·α αα αααααΆααααααααααΆα αααΎαα ααΆαα·αααβααΊααΆαααΎαα‘αΎααα·αααααααααααα·α αα βααΈβααααΊβααΌααΈα-α‘α©α ααΌα αααα ααΆαααΏαααΆα αααΎααααααΎααααα»αααααΎααΆαα½αα’αΆαααΆα αα·αααΆαα½αααααα»ααΆααΆαααααΆα ααΎααααΈαααααΉαααΆ ααααΆααααααααΆααααααΆαααα½αααΆααααααα αα·αααααααααα’ααΆααααα’αΆα ααααΎαα ααΆαα
αααα½αααΈα₯α ααΆαααααααα αα»ααααα»ααα·αααααΆαα·ααααααα ααΌα αααααΎαααΉαααααΆααα αΎαααΆ ααααα»ααΆ αα·αα’αΌααααααΆααΈ ααΊααΆαααΆαα·αααααΆαααΆααααΌααααααα·α αα ααααααααα»αααααααααα»αααααα (RCEP) αααααΆαα·α αα αααααααααααΆαα·ααααααααααααααα»ααα αααα»αααααα ααααΌα ααΆαα·αααααα αααα»αβαααβααα ααΎααΆαβα±ααΆαβααααααα·α αα αα·αβααΆαα·αααααααβα’αααΈβααααβαααααΆα’αΆα βαααααβαααβααααααβααΆααβααΈαβαααα»αβαααααααα RCEP αα·αβαα·α αα βαα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆαβααααα»ααΆ-α’αΌααααααΆααΈ?
ααΆαβα’αααβααααΌαβα αΎαα ααΆααα·ααα ααααα»ααΆ αα·αα’αΌααααααΆααΈααΆαααααααα αα αΆαααααΎ RCEP αα αααααααα½α α αΎα ααΆα ααΆααΊααΆαα·α αα αααααααααααΆαα·αααααααααααΈαααααααα»ααααααα·ααααααα ααααααα ααΆαα·αααΆααΆαααααΌαα±ααΆαααΆα αααΎααααααΆαααααΆαα·αααΆααα’αα αα·ααα½αααΆααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·αααααα»ααΆα αααα»αα αααα·ααΆαααΆ ααΆααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·αααααα»ααΆααΉαααΆαααα ααααααααΎααααΈααα½αααΆαα’ααααααααααααααΆαααααΆααααΈ RCEP ααΈαααααααααααΆαα·ααααααααα·α αα ααααααΎαααΆααααΈαααΊααΎαααΎαα αα α αα·αααΆααααααΆαα·αααααααααααΈαα½α α αΎαα ααΎαααΆαααααααα·αααααΎαα αα ααααΆαα ααΎααα·ααααααΆαααααααα½ααααα»αα αααααααααααααααα α¬αααα»αααΆαα·ααααααααααααΆααααααα ααΌααΆ αα·ααααΆαααα·ααααααααα αααΎαα ααΎαααΆααα·ααΈααΆαααααααααΈααΆααΌαααΈαααααα ααααααααααα·α αα ααααααΎα ααΎααα·αααΆααΆαααααΎααΆαα·αααααααααααΈααΆααΌαααΈαααααααΊααΆαααααααΆαααααα’αααα»ααααα»αααΆαααααΎα±ααααααααα·α αα ααααααΎαααΈαα ααααΎα αα·ααα·αα»αααΆααααααΆααααααΌααααΌααΆαα ααΌα αααα αααα»ααα·αααΆ RCEP ααΉαααα’αααααΆααααΆαα’αα·αααααααααα½ααααα αααααΆααα·αααα αααα»ααα·αααΆ ααΆαα·αααααααααΆα αααΎααα αααα»αααααααααααα»ααΆ αα·αααααααα·α αα ααααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ ααααΌαααΆααααα»ααααααααΆαααα ααααα·ααααααΆααα½αααΌααααα·αααΆαααααα»α α¬ααΆαααααΎααΆαα·αααααααααα·ααααααα½ααα»αααααα ααα»ααααααΆααααΆααααααΆαα·αααααααα ααΌα ααΆαα·ααααααα ααα ααΆαααΆααααααΆααααααΆααααΆαα αααααΆαααα·αα»αααΆαααααααα·α αα αααααααααααααααααα»ααΆ α αΎαααΌα ααααααα»αααΆαααΎαα‘αΎαααΈαα»ααα Β«ααΆαα’ααααΒ» αααααΆααααΆαααααααααααα»ααα½αααααααααααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·αααΆαααΆαα ααα ααΌα αααα αααα»ααα·αααΆ RCEP ααΉααααααααααΆααααΎααααΆαααα ααααΈααΆααΌαααΈααααα ααααΌα ααΆααααΈααΆααΌαααΈααααααααααααΈ αααααααααΆααααααΉαααΆααα½αααΌααααα·α αα·αααα·αααααΆαα·αααααααα αααα»ααα·αααΆ αααααΆααααααΆαα RCEP ααΊααΎααααΈααααα½αααααΎαααΆαααααΆα αααΎααα αααα»ααααααααααΆαα·αααααααααααΆ α αΎααααααΆααααΆααααααααααααααααααΆααααΆαα·αααααααααααααααααΈααΆααααα αααα»αα±ααααΆαααΆαααααΆαααα ααΆααααΈαααααΆααααααΆ αα·ααααααΆααΆαααΆααααα αααΎα αααααΎααααααΉαααΆααΉαααΆα αααααααΆααααααΆααααα»ααααα»αα α·αααα’αΆααΈαααααααΆαααααααααΆααααααΆαααααΆαααααααα·α αα α‘αΎααα·αααΈααΌααΈα-α‘α© α αααα»ααα·αααΆ RCEP ααααΉαααΆααααααααααααααααΆααααααααααα»αααααα αα·αααααΉααααααααααααΆααααααααααα»ααααααααα½αααα»ααααααα ααα»αααααα ααΌααΆααααααα α αΎααααα»ααα·αααΆααΆα’αΆα ααααΎααΆαααΌαααΆααααααααΌα αααα»αααα αααΆαα αα·αααΈαα·αα·ααΈ αα αααα»αααΆαααα½αααΆαααΌαααΆαα’αα»αααααααα’ααααΆααΆααα½αααΌα α αΎαααααα»ααΆαααααΆα’αααααα·ααα½αααααα½αααΆαα’αααααααααααααΈ RCEP αααα»αααααααααΉααα»αααΆαααα·ααααααααααααααα»ααΆααΎαααααααααΆαααααααααααααααα»αααααα αααααααΎα±ααα αααΆαααα·αααΆαααΆαααΆααααα½αααααααΆαααααααααα ααΌα ααααΆαααααααα αααααΆααααααΎαααΆααα·αα·ααααα αααααΆαα·ααααααααααΉαααΎαα’αααΈαααααΆααααααααααΆαααααα·αααααΆααααα»ααα·αα αααΆαααΆαααααα·αααα·ααΆααααα»ααααααΆααααΆαα»α αΌααααααα½αααα ααΌα αααα ααααΆααααΆαα ααΆααΆααααααΆαα»ααα αααΎα α αΎααααα»ααα·αααΆ ααΆααα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·αααααα»ααΆ ααααααααα»αααΎ RCEP ααααΌα ααΆα’αααΈααααααα»αααΆαααΎαα‘αΎαααΈαα»α ααΆαααααΎα±αααααααΎαα‘αΎαααααα·α αα αααααααααααΆαα·αααααααααααΈα’αΌααααααΆααΈ-ααΌαααα αααα‘αα-α’αΆαααΆα ααααα½αααααΆαααα αΌα ααααααααααααααααααΆααααΆαα·αααααααααααααΆααΈααααααΎαααααα α αΎααα ααααααααααααααααα»ααΆααααΆααααααΌαααααααα·α αα αααααααα½αααααααα ααααααΆαααΆαα αααΌααααααααααα·ααααααααα ααααΆααααααααΆαα·ααααααα αα·αααααΆαααααααα·αα·αααααΆαααααααΉαααΆααααααΆαααΆααααααΆααα
ααΆα α»αααααα ααΎα―αα§α»ααααααΆαααΆαααααΆαααα’αααΈαααααα ααΆαααααααα·ααα αααα»αα±ααΆαααααΉααα½αααΎαααΈα§α ααααααΆααααααααΆαααΌαααααα»ααΆ-α’αΌααααααΆααΈ?
α’ααα»ααααααΆααα±ααΆααα·ααΆαααΆαα½α AVI αα·ααααααα·αααααααα’αααα αααα»αβαα·αβααΆβα ααα»α βααααΆααβααααβαααα»αβααΆαα ααβααβααΆαβαααβααΆαβαααβααΎαβααααΆααααβαα½αβα§α βααααΆαβαα βααααΆαβαααα ααΌα ααααβα’αΌααααααΆααΈβααΆβαα·αααβαα·αβααααΌβααβααΌαβα’αααααβααααβααααα»ααΆα ααααα»ααΆααΆαααααΆααα½α αααααααα»ααΆααΆααα·ααα αα·αααααΌα’ααααααΆαα· ααααααααΈααααα αΆαα α αΎαα’αΌααααααΆααΈααΊααΆαααααααα½ααααααΆααα ααΈααα αα»ααααα―αααΆααααα ααα ααΌα ααααααααΎαααααααΎαααΆααααΈαααΊαααααααΆαααΆααααΈααααα»αααα αααα»ααα·αααΆαα αααααααααααΆααααααα»ααΆαα·αα’αααΈααααΆααααααααααα½αααααΆαααΆαα½ααααααααααααααα αααα»ααα·αααΆααΆααΉαααΆααΆαααα’αααα»αααΆαα αα αΆαααΆ α’αΌααααααΆααΈ αα·αααααα»ααΆααΆααααααα½ααααααααααΌα ααααΆ ααΆααααααα½ααααααααα₯ααααΌαααΆαααΈα ααα·αα ααΎαααΆαααααΆαααααΉαααΆα αααααα·αααααααααααααα·ααΆααααα αα·ααααααα·αααααααααααΆααα ααΎαβααΆαβααααΆαα·βα’αΌααααααΆααΈβααΆαβα¦α¦βααΆααβααΆααβαααβααΆαβαααααααα‘ααααΈααααΆαα·βαααααβαα βα’αΌααααααΆααΈα ααΎαααΆααααΈαααΆααααααΆαα»ααααΆα αααΎααααα»αααΆαααΎααα α’ααΆαα αα ααααααααααααααααααΎαααΆααααΈααααααα·αααααα αα·ααααααΈαα ααΌα αααα αααα»ααα·αααΆααΆααΆαααΆααα·αααααΆαααααΆαα α αΎααααααΉαααΆααΆαααΆααααααΎαααΈααΌααΈα-α‘α© αααααΆα’αΆαα·ααΆαααααααΎα αααααΉαααααΎα±ααααααΆααααααααααααααααααααααΎαααΆααααΈαααΆαααααααααΎαα‘αΎα αααααΆααααααααα§α ααααΆαααΆααα»α αα·αααΎαααΈαααα
ααΆαααα·ααα·αααα·ααα α―αα§αααα PABLO Kang α―αα’αααααΆαααΌαα’αΌααααααΆααΈ αααα αΆααα ααααα»ααΆ
α’ααααααααααααα½αα ααα ααα ααΈααΆαα»ααΆα¬αααα·
α’αααααααααα’αααααα αααααΆ α’αα»α ααααααα



